Fred Sagwe : Head of Schools:Chess Kenya Federation
Chess in Education
The Competency-Based Curriculum gives special focus to individuals talents and interests as opposed to performance in summative national examinations. That cause competition, trauma and trepidation to the little children.
Parents and teachers want students to develop critical-thinking, problem-solving alongside digital skills so that they will be better prepared for the future jobs. It is true that children would love to play a lot in their young age. Involving in physical exercises, games, and sports activities make their body stronger and healthier. If the game of chess is also taught to the children, their brain would also be exercised and the children will become a healthy one – both physically and mentally, filled with confidence.
Chess As a Tool
A 2010 study published in Bensor research and Therapy found that kids who lack problem-solving skills may be at a higher risk of depression and suicidality.Additionary; the researchers found that teaching a child’s problem-solving skills would improve mental health.
A child mental health is just as important as her/his physical health, particular when it comes to behaviour and academies. Young people, who watch too much TV during their formative years would, grow up to be “less cognitively sophisticated and less civically minded” than their peers who had access only to public broadcasting and local stations during that period.
A matter of opportunity: Every hour you spend watching TV is an hour you aren’t reading, playing outside or socializing with other kids. Hence decline in cognitive skills and civic engagements. That may have long-term effects on what kind of person you will become
Blooms Taxonomy
At the heart of the ideals of HOT (Higher Order Thinking) and Blooms's Taxonomy is the goal to improve every child’s cognitive development and critical thinking skills. No game or sport marries itself more naturally to the missions better than chess. Inherent in the game of chess is the demand that a student or player remember what he or she has learned at the board, understand and then apply the proper approach to the repeating tactical and positional patterns present, and the use that knowledge to properly analyze, evaluate, and calculate their way to a victory
Chess as a Game
Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training. Now, teaching children the game of chess and encouraging them to play the game with fun has become much easier, thanks to the advancement of technology and the increased use of the Internet. Online chess helps children learn the game in a playful way with innumerable puzzles and tutorials.
These benefits of chess are fully in line with the General Intents of Kenya National Education goals; therefore chess can be used as an “educational and health tool”.
Programs to encourage and stimulate interest in STEM subjects and chess should begin at an early age. The benefits of chess are undisputed, chess paying has been shown to be strongly correlated with higher grades in both math and English, and in tests measuring critical thinking, and creativity.
The European Parliament has expressed its favourable opinion on using chess courses in schools as educational tool (Binev, Attard-Montalto, Deva, Mauro, &Takkula, 2011) and, similarly, the Spanish Parliament has approved the implementation of chess courses during school hours and in the curriculum .
In 2012, the European Parliament made a declaration about introducing the Chess in Schools (CIS) program in the education systems of European Union member states.
Education is critical in promoting political, social and economic development of any country. It is expected to provide all-round development of its recipients to enable them overcome prevailing challenges and therefore play effective roles in their immediate society. Provision of education is the surest way of creating equity in society by bridging the gap between the haves and the have-nots.
Chess is one of the most powerful educational tools available to strengthen a child’s mind. It’s fairy easy to learn how to play. Most six or seven year olds can follow the basic rules. Some kids as young as four or five can play. Like learning a language or music an early start can help a child become more proficient. Whatever a child’s age, however ,chess can enhance concentration,patience,and perseverance, as well as develop creativity,intuition,memory,and most importantly ,the ability to analyze and deduce from a set of general principles ,learning to make tough decisions and solve problems flexibly.
In one study conducted in primary schools in Aarhus,Denmark ,in 2013 ,weekly math lessons were replaced with chess-inspired lessons .The students actually ended up performing better in math.
Children who spend longer than two hours a day in front of a computer or TV are more likely to suffer psychological difficulties than other youngsters, a UK study suggests. Researchers said they also found that physical exercise did not make up for too much time. The University of Bristol study, published in Pediatrics, involved more than 1,000 children aged about 10.Its lead author said a two-hour screen limit per day was a sensible guideline.
This research and various case studies are all in tandem with the Kenya Vision 2030 ,the Big Four Agenda ,especially on matters well-being and a healthy nation. And the new envisaged Competency – Based Curriculum .By using chess as a social, healthy and education tool.
Image Credit : Vanderbilt University
Chess is a two player
strategy board game with 64 squares arranged in an 8 X 8 grid; the game is
played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is a cheap and tactical game, and
is claimed to develop the part of the brain responsible for planning, judgment
and self control, and even to help prevent dementia.
Image Credit: Chess Kenya Federation
Chess in Education
The Competency-Based Curriculum gives special focus to individuals talents and interests as opposed to performance in summative national examinations. That cause competition, trauma and trepidation to the little children.
Parents and teachers want students to develop critical-thinking, problem-solving alongside digital skills so that they will be better prepared for the future jobs. It is true that children would love to play a lot in their young age. Involving in physical exercises, games, and sports activities make their body stronger and healthier. If the game of chess is also taught to the children, their brain would also be exercised and the children will become a healthy one – both physically and mentally, filled with confidence.
Chess As a Tool
A 2010 study published in Bensor research and Therapy found that kids who lack problem-solving skills may be at a higher risk of depression and suicidality.Additionary; the researchers found that teaching a child’s problem-solving skills would improve mental health.
A child mental health is just as important as her/his physical health, particular when it comes to behaviour and academies. Young people, who watch too much TV during their formative years would, grow up to be “less cognitively sophisticated and less civically minded” than their peers who had access only to public broadcasting and local stations during that period.
A matter of opportunity: Every hour you spend watching TV is an hour you aren’t reading, playing outside or socializing with other kids. Hence decline in cognitive skills and civic engagements. That may have long-term effects on what kind of person you will become
Blooms Taxonomy
At the heart of the ideals of HOT (Higher Order Thinking) and Blooms's Taxonomy is the goal to improve every child’s cognitive development and critical thinking skills. No game or sport marries itself more naturally to the missions better than chess. Inherent in the game of chess is the demand that a student or player remember what he or she has learned at the board, understand and then apply the proper approach to the repeating tactical and positional patterns present, and the use that knowledge to properly analyze, evaluate, and calculate their way to a victory
Chess as a Game
Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training. Now, teaching children the game of chess and encouraging them to play the game with fun has become much easier, thanks to the advancement of technology and the increased use of the Internet. Online chess helps children learn the game in a playful way with innumerable puzzles and tutorials.
These benefits of chess are fully in line with the General Intents of Kenya National Education goals; therefore chess can be used as an “educational and health tool”.
Programs to encourage and stimulate interest in STEM subjects and chess should begin at an early age. The benefits of chess are undisputed, chess paying has been shown to be strongly correlated with higher grades in both math and English, and in tests measuring critical thinking, and creativity.
The European Parliament has expressed its favourable opinion on using chess courses in schools as educational tool (Binev, Attard-Montalto, Deva, Mauro, &Takkula, 2011) and, similarly, the Spanish Parliament has approved the implementation of chess courses during school hours and in the curriculum .
In 2012, the European Parliament made a declaration about introducing the Chess in Schools (CIS) program in the education systems of European Union member states.
Education is critical in promoting political, social and economic development of any country. It is expected to provide all-round development of its recipients to enable them overcome prevailing challenges and therefore play effective roles in their immediate society. Provision of education is the surest way of creating equity in society by bridging the gap between the haves and the have-nots.
Chess is one of the most powerful educational tools available to strengthen a child’s mind. It’s fairy easy to learn how to play. Most six or seven year olds can follow the basic rules. Some kids as young as four or five can play. Like learning a language or music an early start can help a child become more proficient. Whatever a child’s age, however ,chess can enhance concentration,patience,and perseverance, as well as develop creativity,intuition,memory,and most importantly ,the ability to analyze and deduce from a set of general principles ,learning to make tough decisions and solve problems flexibly.
In one study conducted in primary schools in Aarhus,Denmark ,in 2013 ,weekly math lessons were replaced with chess-inspired lessons .The students actually ended up performing better in math.
Children who spend longer than two hours a day in front of a computer or TV are more likely to suffer psychological difficulties than other youngsters, a UK study suggests. Researchers said they also found that physical exercise did not make up for too much time. The University of Bristol study, published in Pediatrics, involved more than 1,000 children aged about 10.Its lead author said a two-hour screen limit per day was a sensible guideline.
This research and various case studies are all in tandem with the Kenya Vision 2030 ,the Big Four Agenda ,especially on matters well-being and a healthy nation. And the new envisaged Competency – Based Curriculum .By using chess as a social, healthy and education tool.
Chess has always spoken the
language of Blooms ‘Taxonomy and Higher Order Thinking, and we help bring this
to life to the curriculum. These initiatives have been conducted
because chess is
considered an effective educational tool able to improve not only mathematical
skills, but also other academic skills such as reading and general cognitive
abilities such as concentration and intelligence, and even children's
heuristics and habits of mind (Costa &Kallick, 2009). Critically, efforts
to promote chess in schools take for granted that chess skill transfers to
other domains.
The benefits of teaching chess to children –in building
skills, resilience and self-esteem have been shown through empirical
research done over a period of time. In numeracy, reading and processing of
data.
Chess is a thinking game, it is a fair game in that the
player is responsible for the fate of the game and there is no other thing
intervention in the game either in the form of luck or in the form of chance.
And just like the subject of Mathematics : thinking,
concentration, problem-solving and analytical abilities are the pre-requisites
for the game of chess as well. And the good thing is that these good skills are
taught in a fun way. Children enjoy the game and as part of their play, they
learn these good skills.
Chess provides an active learning environment where the students
do most of the work .The students use their brains, think about ideas, solve
problems and immediately apply what they learn. Learning chess is fast, fun,
supportive and attractive. In this respect chess is an important tool in active
learning.
Research
Researches on chess proved that this sport helps chess playing individuals develop mental capacities like creativity, critical thinking, decision making, problem solving and usage of time all of which play a role in their success.
Research
Researches on chess proved that this sport helps chess playing individuals develop mental capacities like creativity, critical thinking, decision making, problem solving and usage of time all of which play a role in their success.
A Canadian study in 1992 confirmed
the Venezuela findings when a group of first grade chess students significantly
outperformed their peers in math, both in problem solving and comprehension.
Looking specifically at Quebec, some years back their math scores were the
lowest in the country. Chess became a school subject and now the children in
Quebec have the highest math scores in Canada.
Chess has also been shown to foster critical and creative
thinking. Dr Ferguson’s four-year study (1979-83) analysed the impact of chess
on students’ thinking skills in the Bradford Area School District in the United
States (grades 7-9). These students were already - 14 - identified as gifted,
with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores above 130. Using two tests
(Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and the Torrance Tests of Creative
Thinking) Ferguson (1995, pp. 4-6) found that after spending 60-64 hours
playing and studying chess over 32 weeks students showed significant progress
in critical thinking. He further found that chess enhances “creativity in
gifted adolescents.” He concluded that “it appears that chess is superior to
many currently used programs for developing creative thinking and, therefore,
could logically be included in a differentiated program for mentally gifted
students”.
Playing chess,
however, is not only valuable for developing the skills of gifted children.
Average and even below average learners can also benefit. Chess teacher Michael
Wojcio (1990) notes that “even if a slow learner does not grasp all of [the
strategies and tactics in chess], he/she can still benefit by learning
language, concepts, and fine motor movement.” During a program run by Dr
Ferguson from September 1987 to May 1988 all members of a standard sixth grade
class in rural Pennsylvania were required to take chess lessons and play games.
This class had 9 boys and 5 girls. At the start of this study students took IQ
tests, producing a mean IQ of 104.6. Students then studied chess two or three
times per week while playing most days. They were also encouraged to
participate in tournaments. After this intensive chess instruction a group of
seven boys managed to finish second in the 1998 Pennsylvania State Scholastic
Championship. Significantly, at the conclusion of the study tests showed a
significant increase in both memory and verbal reasoning skills, especially
among the more competitive chess players (Ferguson 1995, pp. 8-9).
Chess has even been shown to raise students’ overall IQ
scores. Using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children a Venezuelan study
of over 4,000 second grade students found a significant increase in most students’
IQ scores after only 4.5 months of systematically studying chess. This occurred
across all socio-economic groups and for both males and females. The Venezuelan
government was so impressed that all Venezuelan schools introduced chess
lessons starting in 1988-89 (summarised in Ferguson 1995, p. 8)
Why does chess have
this impact?
Why did chess players
score higher on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as well as the
Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal? Briefly, there appear to be at least
seven significant factors:
·
Chess accommodates all modality
strengths.
·
Chess provides a far greater quantity of
problems for practice.
·
Chess offers immediate punishments and
rewards for problem solving.
·
Chess creates a pattern or thinking
system that, when used faithfully, breeds success. The chess-playing students
had become accustomed to looking for more and different alternatives, which
resulted in higher scores in fluency and originality.
·
Competition. Competition fosters
interest, promotes mental alertness, challenges all students, and elicits the
highest levels of achievement (Stephan, 1988).
·
A learning environment organized around
games has a positive affect on students’ attitudes toward learning. This
affective dimension acts as a facilitator of cognitive achievement (Allen &
Main, 1976). Instructional gaming is one of the most motivational tools in the
good teacher’s repertoire. Children love games. Chess motivates them to become
willing problem solvers and spend hours quietly immersed in logical thinking.
These same young people often cannot sit still for fifteen minutes in the
traditional classroom.
·
Chess
supplies a variety and quality of problems. As Langen (1992) states: “The problems
that arise in the 70-90 positions of the average chess game are, moreover, new.
Contexts are familiar, themes repeat, but game positions never do. This makes
chess good grist for the problem-solving mill.
·
It’s a remarkable universal language, as
it bridges the gaps of language, gender, sex, age, economics, education and
Persons Living with Disabilities (PWD).
·
It’s used as an education and health
tool to aid learning processes.
·
Reaches boys and girls regardless of
their natural abilities or socio-economic backgrounds. Given these educational
benefits ,chess is one of the most effective teaching tools to prepare children
for a world increasingly swamped by information and ever tougher decisions.
·
It can be taught by using both offline
and online resources and materials. That's usage of ICT / computer learning
centers in schools and the communities.
·
It in calculates the fundamental
knowledge and skills like :creativity, problem solving,communication,entrepreneurship,collaboration
,which are needed to prepare pupils and students for the 21st
century ,regardless of their ultimate field of study and occupation.
Education Benefits
But the educational
benefits of chess aren’t just for the game’s grandmasters. Chess can
combat many challenges we face today: fractured attention, indecisiveness and a
shortage of grit and discipline brought on by too much screen time. Technology
has forever changed the way we live, learn and play. Our children have
insatiable appetites for fast-paced, action-packed entertainment, and it often
feels as though we are watching powerlessly as their patience and
critical-thinking skills suffer.
A child who is introduced to chess at a young age is likely
to do better in school for years to come. Research shows that playing chess
improves a child’s thinking, problem-solving, reading, and math
scores. Educators and chess experts generally agree the second grade is the ideal time to
introduce children to chess, although some as young as four or five may be
ready to learn and play.
If children were taught this noble game at their tender age
and encouraged to play the game, they will perform better in their academic
career and outshine others – this is a finding of a research study. Many
countries have introduced the game of chess as part of their school curriculum
and have made it a subject or game that each child should learn and play
regularly.
Chess education
has a substantial positive effect on analytical thinking skills which are
important in math, engineering, and physical sciences .The impact is
particularly strong among girls.
STEM
Chess involves strategic, tactical, and spatial reasoning along with abstract and concrete thinking. It trains students to think and plan ahead, quickly and carefully consider multiple options, and inculcates in them the importance of winning and losing graciously. Chess can be easily added into any school curriculum, either as a side activity, extra-curricula or as a curriculum enhancement.
Chess involves strategic, tactical, and spatial reasoning along with abstract and concrete thinking. It trains students to think and plan ahead, quickly and carefully consider multiple options, and inculcates in them the importance of winning and losing graciously. Chess can be easily added into any school curriculum, either as a side activity, extra-curricula or as a curriculum enhancement.
Winka Academy in Kenya is the only school in the entire country and East
and Central Africa offering scholastic chess. At the academy, chess is taught
like any other subject and is allocated more time in the timetable, mathematics and other subject scores improved during the duration of
the pilot study.
Over 30 nations including Armenia, Brazil, China, Venezuela,
Italy, Israel, Russia, Spain and Greece,
chess
is part of the country’s national curriculum. Since 2011, all children in Armenia from six to eight
years old have had compulsory chess lessons.
European Parliament
These initiatives have been conducted because chess is considered an effective educational tool able to improve not only mathematical skills, but also other academic skills such as reading and general cognitive abilities such as concentration and intelligence, and even children's heuristics and habits of mind (Costa &Kallick, 2009). Critically, efforts to promote chess in schools take for granted that chess skill transfers to other domains.
These initiatives have been conducted because chess is considered an effective educational tool able to improve not only mathematical skills, but also other academic skills such as reading and general cognitive abilities such as concentration and intelligence, and even children's heuristics and habits of mind (Costa &Kallick, 2009). Critically, efforts to promote chess in schools take for granted that chess skill transfers to other domains.
Chess as a tool
for education and health ,also supports
and links the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs) : No Poverty , Zero Hunger , Good Health And Well-Being ,Quality
Education
, Gender Equality ,Decent Work And Economic ,Reduced Inequalities Growth ,Peace ,Justice And Strong
Institutions and partnerships For The Goals.
We highly recommend chess as a tool for improving the social skills of those with autism ,as well as for academic and cognitive benefits it provides.
This research and case studies are all tandem with the Kenya vision 2030,usage as a social tool,the Big Four Agenda as therapy for mental health and autism and the new envisaged Competency-Based Curriculum .Which nurtures talent .
This research and case studies are all tandem with the Kenya vision 2030,usage as a social tool,the Big Four Agenda as therapy for mental health and autism and the new envisaged Competency-Based Curriculum .Which nurtures talent .
Image Credit:LGM Kidula
Therefore the primary intent of the chess chess programme is not to teach chess. The primary intent of chess education is
to help with the cognitive and effective development of the individual like in
other classes using chess as the tool.
Currently, chess is constituted as an extra-curricular activity by
the Ministry of Education Research and Technology . A provision
which has made the discipline not to grow in leaps and pounds, despite the
concerted efforts the Chess Kenya Federation has put in place to
make it successful in Kenya.
That:
§ Chess Kenya , humbly
requests the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development to consider to include the subject to the Physical and Sports pathway as
an : core-curricular, regular class activity, an elective, enrichment and after
school activity. And that Chess Kenya
Federation be invited officially
to attend the : National Curriculum
Conference to be held on 16th
August ,2019.
§ Chess
as a tool for education and health can be taught during the Physical Education lessons in the
current 8-4-4 Kenyan education
system, as a discipline. Since, the Physical Education is taught as subject in
our schools. And be incorporated as Physical
and Sports pathway in the new envisaged Competence –Based Curriculum.
§
The Ministry of
Education Research and Technology to include the game in the annual and yearly Sports
Calendar’s 2019/20 as part of the indoor games like table tennis and
badminton. And since chess is a cheap and affordable sport, there should be
establishment of chess clubs in all
the private,public schools in Kenya.
§
The Kenya Institute of Special
Education adopts the Primary School Chess Curriculum and Instruction
to as education tool for education and health
to autistic kids and the Persons Living With Disability in our learning schools and institutions.
§
The Kenya Literature
Bureau to at least edit and publish free Primary School Chess Curriculum
and Instruction books to be used by both learners at primary and
secondary levels.
§
Teacher
Service Commission to at least empower two
teachers (primary and secondary) to be Chess
Kenya Champions to help drive the subject in their respective: schools,
communities and counties.
§
Currently there is a petition pending in the Kenya National Assembly
and the Senate at the Change org , an online petition on implementing Chess a Tool for
Education and Health: The Kenya National Assembly and Senate Declaration
a.)Through an act
of parliament to enact the legislation and the declaration.
b.) Create the Kenya National Scholastic Chess and Math Foundation, through an Act of
Parliament
to comprise the: Ministry of Education, Teacher Service Commission, Centre for
mathematics and science , KICD ,Chess Kenya Federation and other
stakeholders. In the spirit of private-public strategic partnership.
§
The
Chess Kenya Federation ( has finally, submitted a draft digital and hard copy of the Chess Kenya Federation Curriculum , an improved,
edited and revised World Chess Federation ( FIDE ) approved : Primary School Chess Curriculum and
Instruction ,to the Kenya Institute and Curricular Development ,
the Ministry of Education and Research Technology and Teacher Service
Commission ( quality standards departments ) as major stakeholders in the
bid,to make : Chess a Tool For Education and Health in our schools and the
respective communities..
§
The Chess Kenya Federation, shall
help and facilitated in offering the
much needed professional development and
continuous capacity development for the pupils, students ,teachers and
communities .Via their established Chess
Kenya Academies in all the counties
in Kenya.
Resources:
[3.] Voice Magazine .Mozilla Festival 2016,London-UK.Interview with Fred Sagwe
[4.] Matscience Channel Case for ICT, Computer Science and Chess in Early Childhood Education byFred Sagwe
[4.] Matscience Channel Case for ICT, Computer Science and Chess in Early Childhood Education byFred Sagwe
[6.] Wikipedia : Chess
[12.] Kasaparov Chess Foundation
Africa .Benefits of Chess in Education ( http://www.kcfafrica.com/sites/default/files/research_KCFE.pdf )
[13.] Chess Kid Curriculum ( https://www.chess.com/article/view/free-chess-curriculum-for-parents-coaches)
[14.] Knesset. European Parliament:
Chess in Schools (CIS) program Declaration ( https://knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/eng101618.pdf )
[15.]
Slide Share. A Case for ICT, Computing and Chess Redesigning the Curriculum (https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/fsagwe/a-case-for-ict-computing-and-chess-redesigning-the-kenyan-curriculum )
[16.] Google Drive .Case for ICT,
Computer Science and Chess: Redesigning The Kenyan Curriculum (https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8rK7nGHZhSoZ3RlM2VFNjNKM2x2X0JVXzhWVjhYOVBQLVpZ/view )
[18.] United Nations .Global Goals
( https://www.globalgoals.org)
[19.] United Nations .An evening At The UN with
JuditPolgar (https://chess24.com/en/read/news/an-evening-at-the-un-with-judit-polgar
)
[20.] Chess.com .Computer Chess. ( https://www.chess.com/play/computer)
[21.] Change org.Chess a Tool for Education
and Health: The Kenya National Assembly and Senate Declaration (https://www.change.org/p/chess-a-tool-for-education-health-the-kenya-national-assembly-senate-declaration)
[22.] The Education Partners .Closing The Gender Gap in
Chess ( http://blog.theeducationpartners.com/closing-the-gender-gap-in-chess
)
[23.] The Standard.Sagwe to head Chess inSchools programme
( https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/article/2001302581/sagwe-to-head-chess-in-schools-programme)
( https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/article/2001302581/sagwe-to-head-chess-in-schools-programme)
[24] US. First Move Chess ( https://firstmovechess.org
)
[25.] YouTube. How to play chess
complete guide ( https://fredsagwe.blogspot.com/2019/07/how-to-play-chess-complete-guide-for.html)
[26.] BBC.Chess in education
Armenia ( https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-43084816 )
[ 27. Blog.Chess Kid Curriculum
( https://fredsagwe.blogspot.com/2018/12/chess-kid-curriculum.html )
[ 28.] Verywell Family. Improve
childrens mental health( https://www.verywellfamily.com/improve-childrens-mental-health-4154379 )
[29.] London Chess Conference.
Chess as a Mental Health Therapy ( https://londonchessconference.com/chess-as-a-mental-health-therapy
)
[30.] chess as a social pillar in
the vision 2030 ( https://www.google.com/url?q=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WlnNUsMXe_LhI9rXtqu_DXPJMvhtOHdC/view?usp%3Dsharing_eil%26ts%3D5d41c3ea&source=gmail&ust=1564818253869000&usg=AFQjCNF0fhB72i0Kc49reLw_sBEGEJq6Jg )
[31.] World Bank : The Future of Work in Africa
[32.] European Chess Union: Making Europe Smarter
[33.] Kenya Chess Masala: St Peters Juja in Russia
[31.] World Bank : The Future of Work in Africa
[32.] European Chess Union: Making Europe Smarter
[33.] Kenya Chess Masala: St Peters Juja in Russia
[34.] Chess A Tool for Education & Health
[35.] Why all Formula 1 drivers should play chess
[36.] How Chess Can Revolutionize Learning: Cody Pomeranz at TEDxYale
[37.] The 8 Best Chess Apps
[35.] Why all Formula 1 drivers should play chess
[36.] How Chess Can Revolutionize Learning: Cody Pomeranz at TEDxYale
[37.] The 8 Best Chess Apps
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